Can new technologies make up for the waste produced by humans?

18

September

2018

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Already today around 80,000 tons of plastic are estimated to be in the “Great Pacific Garbage Patch” between California and Hawaii and the number is steadily increasing (Briggs, 2018). Besides the “Great Pacific Garbage Patch” there are other patches in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean as well. These patches can be understood as massive swirling vortexes which trap huge collections of waste in their currents. The size of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch alone is estimated to be three times the size of Spain (Loria, 2018). If the plastic is left where it is, it can have substantial negative effects on our ecosystem, health and economies. All this is caused by us, our enormous plastic consumption and non-considerate waste disposal.

But luckily, an initiative has been started in 2013 by a Dutch student from Delft, Boyan Slat, called “The Ocean Cleanup” which aims at cleaning up the oceans (as the name suggests). Currently a team of more than 70 people consisting of engineers, researchers, scientists and computational modelers are working on bringing this project live. They are building a system which is able to extract huge amounts of plastic from the patches by firstly capturing, then accumulating and finally extracting the plastic out of the oceans. The complete technology relies on algorithms that specify the optimal deployment position of the clean-up system and takes advantage of the natural forces of the ocean. For a complete description of how the system functions please click here. On September 9th 2018, it was announced that the first clean-up system was launched and is now on its way to an intermediary test stop, 250-350 nautical miles offshore, for a 2-week trial until it begins to free the Great Pacific Garbage Patch from its garbage.

As happy as I am to hear that technologies nowadays can be developed that can make up for human mistakes, I am afraid that we are taking on a mentality that future advances can make up for anything. I see this problem arising not only in the field of waste disposal but also in areas like our health or love life. Will we soon not listen to our body anymore but rather rely on wearables telling us when what to eat and when to exercise? And then, if we do not listen to those wearables, will we just trust in other technologies fixing our health afterwards? The same could potentially become true for our love lives, where we rather listen to AI predictions of how likely someone fits to us than to our own feelings. What is your impression – are such advances rather a blessing or a curse?

References:
Briggs, H., 2018. Plastic patch in Pacific Ocean growing rapidly, study shows. BBC News. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-43490235 [Accessed September 18, 2018].

Loria, K., 2018. The giant garbage vortex in the Pacific Ocean is over twice the size of Texas – here’s what it looks like. Business Insider. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.nl/great-pacific-garbage-patch-view-study-plastic-2018-3/?international=true&r=US [Accessed September 18, 2018].

The Ocean Cleanup, www.theoceancleanup.com. The Ocean Cleanup. Available at: https://www.theoceancleanup.com/ [Accessed September 18, 2018].

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How will AI influence our future jobs? A personal view.

6

September

2018

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Few topics are more discussed nowadays than the impact of AI on future jobs, employment and skills. Most researchers and published articles are raising the fear of AI by claiming that it will soon bring upon a momentous revolution in most (if not all) industries. To give one example, Carl B. Frey and Michael A. Osborne (2013) estimate that 47% of US jobs are at high risk to be automated, most likely in the next 20 years. Moreover, Yuval N. Harari points out, in his book ‘Homo deus’, that it will be difficult to find tasks that humans can perform better than algorithms when a computer program called EMI (Experiments in Musical Intelligence) is already able to create a better music composition than Bach, when algorithms are already appointed board seats as in the Hong Kong venture-capital firm ‘Deep Knowledge Ventures’ and when algorithms can predict the likelihood of getting a certain disease more accurately than humans. Additionally, the fear of losing a job to AI is enhanced when people read newspaper headlines like ‘Zalando to cut 250 staff and replace them with algorithms’.

Considering this media representation, I personally can understand that people are hesitant to embrace the upcoming technological revolution with excitement and openness towards it. That is why I would like to point out that a similar revolution in jobs, employment and skills did already happen approximately 200 years ago. Back then, the industrial revolution brought along so many technological advances increasing the productivity of agriculture to such a degree that most farm workers became obsolete and had to change into industrial or service jobs. Of course, it can be doubted whether the upcoming advances and changes can be compared to the revolution back then, but I am strongly convinced that new job fields will arise for everyone and that through AI we might even be able to focus more time on task we are passionate about. Cumbersome tasks that involved a lot of repetition can, will be and are already taken over by algorithms thereby offering us the possibility to dig deeper into unique challenges.

Nevertheless, I believe that we will also need to change with the revolution ahead of us. Knowledge was used to double every century until the 1900’s according to Richard B. Fuller (1981). Nowadays it is doubling in less than 11 hours according to IBM (2006). Of course, this implies that what we learnt in high school and university or what we will learn in our first couple of working years will most likely not be up to date or not relevant at all after a couple of years. Therefore, we need to keepup our efforts and learn continuously. But good news – learning was never as easy before! Today, already children with the age of 3 can start learning programming with a toy called ‘Cubetto’ and for those of us who are already above that age there are massive open online courses, billions of videos, articles and blogs about any topic one can think of available on various online platforms. So let’s do not get intimidated by AI or other future technologies but embrace them with curiosity and endow ourselves with the needed skills to take full advantage of them.

 

Sources:

Frey, C. B., & Osborne, M. A. (2013). The future of employment how susceptible are jobs to computerisation? Oxford, Oxford Martin School, Univ. of Oxford.

Fuller, R. B. (1981). Critical path. New York, St. Martin’s Press.

Harari, Y.N. (2016). Homo deus: a brief history of tomorrow.

IBM Global Technology Services. (2016). The toxic terabyte.

 

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