AI : A Colourful Time Machine

10

October

2025

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I believe it was a year ago that I found image restoration models became so easily available. As a kid, I used to watch National Geographic and the Smithsonian Channel where they aired colorised historical footages, which required countless hours of work by teams of colorists, archivers and restoration units to produce. Today, it is just a JPG drop and prompt away.

Considering what these tools are capable of nowadays, I know it was a small experiment, yet I found some interesting insights to share. I wanted to see if I could bring colour and clarity back to old photographs of my grandfather, Catello Spagnuolo Sr., and his brothers. They were all young, smiling, and full of life, but in a greyed out world. I uploaded one of their group photos into a visual restoration tool and wrote a simple prompt: Restore this image, fix tears & dust, enhance contrast, colorize gently.

I utilised two different AI tools: Gemini 1.5 Pro and DALL·E 3. Gemini 1.5 Pro impressed me with how naturally it handled portraits. In close-ups, it maintained the context of light and natural skin tones, revealing subtle details like the warmth in my grandfather’s face, making his eyes shine. But when it came to group photos, it struggled to identify the characters, resulting in a bust with a dash of blue.

DALL·E 3, on the other hand, left me speechless. It lit a thousand colours in the picture and made it feel alive. However, these colours for their suits, shirts, and ties were entirely imagined. Yet the model was able to maintain minute details like the striped fantasy of my grandfather tie, again impressive!

I felt captivated by the hallucinated colors AI decided to use to dress these men.

Seeing my grandfather’s in its youth, its expression in color made me feel closer to that time and the man. It remains a frozen moment, but a bit warmer.

AI didn’t just restore old photographs; it created a connection for me. If you find any pictures around in black and white, I urge you all to try it out.

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🚴 Your Order of Network Effects Has Arrived: Lessons from China’s Delivery War

9

October

2025

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Hi, Everyone!

As of lately, I’ve been fascinated by the evolving world of food delivery providers and how these systems move our cities through logistics, route algorithms, and digital ecosystems.

Each one of us on our way to Woudestein campus will cross bike paths with food riders slipping through traffic. By observing this everyday convenience we can understand how innovation, human behaviour and pricing strategies shape these platforms. Today, I will share an example that offers a glimpse into digital platform economics.

In early 2025, China’s food delivery market mainly represented by Meituan, Alibaba’s Ele.me and JD experienced a frenzy of coupons, near-free meals, and there in 30 minutes or free delivery promises.

For weeks, users were flooded with deals, riders earned record wages, and restaurants struggled to keep up with surging demand. Here we see in action indirect network effects as the mutual dependency between consumers and restaurants. As more restaurants joined, users gained variety, convenience, and faster delivery. This surge in demand was only initially sustainable by Meituan and Ele.me who subsidized both sides heavily, hoping to lock users into their ecosystems.

The result? Well, as imaginable an exponential user growth but collapsing margins. Meanwhile, same-side network effects were also observable. As more users joined, platforms benefited from richer data, social coupon sharing, as well as users positive word of mouth that built trust.

However, in this delivery war between Meituan, Ele.me and JD, customer loyalty went down as digital platforms allowed easily for multi-homing and forced even deeper discounts. That is when negative network effects became visible through rider oversupply, restaurants facing price pressure, and consumers questioning service reliability.

Each company offered layered membership programs, flash discounts, and bundled services. For once, Meituan’s premium pass, and Alibaba’s integration with Taobao remind us of bundling and price discrimination dictated by algorithms favouring recurring transactions.

Luckily, regulators such as the China Securities Regulatory Commission stepped in to stop these predatory pricing strategies and protect small businesses. Moreover, JD started curating the supply side more by offering social security coverage for full-time and part-time riders, signalling a turn toward long-term sustainability. Briefly after, also Meituan announced similar benefits adjustments.

This episode shows that network effects can both build and break digital platforms. Where do you see the future of delivery ecosystems here in Europe, one of sustainable growth or one driven by endless price wars?

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